Three institutes, three analysis angles

Exploratory trials conducted with three distinct institutes.

The studies presented on this site are exploratory. They document physiological and material signals, without constituting clinical evidence of a medical or therapeutic effect.

Reading framework

How to read these studies in relation to the T-KARE patch.

The UHA and NIFS studies were conducted on KOAR textiles integrating the mineral technology studied at the time. The T-KARE patch uses this same technological logic in a localized format, easier to wear.

Therefore, these studies should not be read as direct proof that every user will achieve the same results with the patch. They rather constitute a body of evidence: signals observed regarding effort and recovery with KOAR textiles, and then material documentation with Bruker instrumental readings.

This reading maintains a clear framework: the data guides the positioning of the patch around comfort, perceived recovery, and continuity in effort, without claiming a medical, therapeutic, or guaranteed performance effect.

Bruker material analyses Spectral behavior of the material

Bruker readings describe the material and its consistency under several test conditions.

Signals observed on KOAR textiles Effort, lactate, fatigue, and temperature

UHA/NIFS data guides the interpretation of effort, lactate, fatigue, and temperature.

T-KARE usage framework Comfort, perceived recovery, and continuity

A reading oriented towards sports and daily use, without automatic promises.

UHA | Ergocycle

Double-blind physiological study on a triangular bike test.

The UHA report describes a trial campaign conducted on an ergocycle to compare an active KOAR outfit to a visually indistinguishable placebo outfit, with a reading centered on oxygenation and recovery.

Group 15 athletes, 14 analyzed

Protocol Double-blind, 2 trials 48h apart

Statistics Shapiro-Wilk, Student, Fisher

Triangular effort test on a bike chosen for its measurement stability.
Controlled conditions: 23 to 25°C, 65 to 78% humidity.
Tracked variables: VO2 max, VO2/HR, total O2, lactates, and lactates/PMT ratio.
KOAR textile: total oxygen consumption +4.3% observed in this protocol.

UHA Chart Average differences active vs placebo

Summary of the five most notable variables from the UHA dossier.

Oxygen markers progress, while lactate markers decrease, which may suggest a better-contained anaerobic load.

Quick read Key UHA signals

KOAR TextileTotal O2 +4.3%

2 min recoveryLactate -8%

EfficiencyVO2/HR +2.6%

Anaerobic loadLac/PMT -5%

Analyzed sample14 athletes (out of 15)

CapillaroscopyComplementary exam on 2 volunteers

In the UHA report, the most notable statistical finding concerns total oxygen consumption; other indicators remain exploratory.

Overall process

How the UHA test is conducted.

01 Preparation

Medical visit, ECG, blood pressure, anthropometry, and pre-test rest instructions.

02 Effort escalation

Warm-up, then workload increase every 2 minutes until maximum tolerance.

03 Measurements

Respiratory exchanges, heart rate, lactates, and maximum terminal power.

04 Comparison

Active/placebo crossover with random assignment and dedicated statistical reading.

Key results

Physiological signals

VO2 max 2.9% higher with the active outfit.
VO2/HR 2.6% higher.
Total oxygen consumption 4.3% higher.

Recovery

Lactate reading

Lactates at 2 minutes 8% lower.
Max lactates / PMT ratio 5% lower.
Trend towards a more favorable metabolic recovery.

Source

UHA Document

UHA conclusion: the main findings observed concern total oxygenation and lactate recovery, with a cautious interpretation given the sample size.

University report used as a documentary basis for exploratory analysis.

Original UHA source (.pdf)

NIFS | Aerobic / Anaerobic

Randomized double-blind trial on aerobic and anaerobic effort.

The NIFS report describes a crossover study where each subject serves as their own control, on a treadmill then Wingate sprints, with recovery tracking.

Group 40 active subjects

Age 18 to 40 years old

Statistics Repeated measures ANOVA, alpha=.05

Prior familiarization session to limit the learning effect.
Progressive test on a treadmill up to 85% of estimated max HR.
5 Wingate sprints of 15 seconds with 2.5 minutes of recovery.
Repeated measures: HR, VO2peak, lactate, fatigue index, skin temperature.

NIFS Chart Lactate during recovery (KOAR textile vs placebo)

The most marked difference appears in the first minutes of recovery.

The most readable differences concern the 5-15 minute post-effort window.

Quick read Key NIFS highlights

KOAR TextileLactate 10 min: -14%

Useful windowLactate 5-15 min lower

WingateLower fatigue index

ThermoregulationHigher skin temperature

VO2peak at 85% HRUnfavorable signal in the presentation

Analysis frameworkRepeated measures ANOVA (.05)

The NIFS reading is mostly oriented towards lactate recovery, fatigue, and temperature, with a less favorable VO2peak response according to the preliminary presentation.

Design

Study structure

Crossover, randomized, double-blind design.
Each participant tested with active and placebo outfit.
Announced framework: 40 active subjects, 18 to 40 years old.
Familiarization session to reduce learning bias.

Measurements

Tracked variables

Treadmill up to 85% estimated max HR.
VO2peak and cardiorespiratory response.
Post-effort lactate at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes.
Fatigue on Wingate sprints and skin temperature.

Reading

Interpretation framework

KOAR textile: more favorable lactate recovery (5-15 minutes) in this protocol.
Complementary signal: favorable trend on fatigue and skin temperature.
Announced statistical framework: repeated measures ANOVA and comparison tests at the .05 threshold.
VO2peak less differentiating in the presentation.

Usage contexts

Envisioned uses

Repeated sessions with short sprints and incomplete recovery.
Periods where fast metabolic recovery is a priority.
Contexts where perceived thermal comfort and consistency over time are sought.

Sources

NIFS Documents

NIFS conclusion: the most readable trend appears on recovery, especially via the lactate differences observed in the first minutes after effort.

Main KOAR report and presentation of preliminary results.

KOAR Research Report NIFS results presentation

Studies carried out with Bruker instruments | ATR Spectroscopy

Reading of the material under pressure and at ambient temperature.

The studies carried out with Bruker instruments document the stability of the material via ATR readings in several pressure and temperature conditions.

Conditions 3 configurations

Measurement ATR Spectroscopy

Objective Compare spectral stability

ATR high pressure ambient.
ATR high pressure 37C.
ATR low pressure ambient.
Complementary reading to the UHA/NIFS physiological studies.

Bruker Instruments Chart Overlay of ATR spectra

The three curves present a global consistency in the spectral profile.

Low pressure ambient High pressure ambient High pressure 37C

Quick read Interpretation guides for Bruker instruments

Compared spectra 3 conditions ATR: low pressure ambient, high pressure ambient, and high pressure at 37°C

Main finding Globally consistent ATR profiles Similar spectral structure between conditions

Observed variations Localized differences on certain bands Amplitude differences depending on certain bands

Scope of evidence Material proof Complementary to the UHA/NIFS physiological studies

The studies carried out with Bruker instruments do not conclude on direct sports performance: these measurements primarily document the behavior of the material.

Conditions

Tested scenarios

High pressure ambient.
High pressure 37C.
Low pressure ambient.

Objective

Material reading

Compare spectral curves depending on the state of the support.
Identify possible differences related to pressure/temperature.
Document the stability of the mineral base.

Sources

Bruker instruments documents

Conclusion of studies carried out with Bruker instruments: these readings mostly confirm the consistency of the spectral behavior of the material according to the tested conditions, in complement to the physiological studies.

ATR reading files and powder reference. These documents primarily support the material reading.

ATR high pressure ambient ATR high pressure 37C ATR low pressure ambient Powder reference

In summary

Three different approaches, the same desire to document the technology from the perspective of effort, recovery, and the material.

UHA · effort and recovery NIFS · aerobic, anaerobic, and perceived thermal comfort Bruker Instruments · spectral behavior of the material